Garuda Indonesia
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| ||||
| Founded | 26 January 1949 (as Garuda Indonesian Airways) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hubs | ||||
| Secondary hubs | ||||
| Frequent-flyer program | Garuda Frequent Flyer | |||
| Airport lounge | Garuda Indonesia Executive Lounge | |||
| Alliance | SkyTeam (2012)[1] | |||
| Fleet size | 76 (+ 154 orders) | |||
| Destinations | 49 (32 Domestic,17 International) | |||
| Company slogan | Fly Ever Higher | |||
| Parent company | Government of the Republic of Indonesia | |||
| Headquarters | Soekarno-Hatta International Airport Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia | |||
| Key people | ||||
| Website | www.garuda-indonesia.com | |||
According to the sacred texts of Hinduism and Hindu mythology, Garuda is the carrier of the God Vishnu; a representation of Garuda appears in the National Emblem of Indonesia, Garuda Pancasila. The airline's main hub is Soekarno-Hatta International Airport, and the airline also has a hub at Ngurah Rai International Airport, Bali.[3][4] The airline flies to a number of destinations in Southeast Asia, East Asia, the Middle East, Europe and Australia. It also previously flew to several destinations in North America. From June 2007, Garuda, along with all Indonesian airlines, was banned from flying to the EU.[5] However, this ban has been lifted since July 2009.[6] In May 2008, Garuda Indonesia received its IATA Operational Safety Audit (IOSA)[7] and in 2010 for the second time (consecutive).[8]
Garuda Indonesia is listed as a 4-star airline by Skytrax, and is also listed among Skytrax's Quality Approved Airlines.[9] In May 2010, the airline was named as the World's Most Improved Airline by Skytrax during 2010 World Airline Awards in Hamburg.[10] Garuda Indonesia announced that it will join the SkyTeam airline alliance by 2012,[1] and aims to achieve a 5-star Skytrax rating by 2013.[11][12]
Contents[hide] |
[edit] History
[edit] The beginnings
Douglas DC-3 Seulawah, the first Garuda Indonesia aircraft is set for display in Taman Mini Indonesia Indah, contribution of the Acehnese people
The Burmese government helped the airline significantly during its beginnings. The country's national airline, Union of Burma Airways, often chartered this DC-3 for its own flights. Accordingly, upon Garuda's formal joint incorporation with KLM on 31 March 1950, the airline presented the Burmese government with a DC-3. By 1953, the airline had 46 aircraft,[13] although by 1955 its Catalina fleet had been retired. In June 1956, Garuda made its first Hajj flight, operated with a Convair 340 carrying 40 Indonesians, to the city of Mecca.[13]
The name "Garuda" was derived from a Dutch poem written by a renowned scholar and Poet Raden Mas Noto Soeroto;
"Ik ben Garuda, Vishnoe's vogel, die zijn vleugels uitslaat hoog boven uw eilanden"
which means "I'm a Garuda,Vishnu's Bird,spreads its wings high above the Islands"
The line was mentioned by Sukarno during the Dutch-Indonesian Round Table Conference at The Hague,from August 23 to November 2, 1949.
[edit] The 1960s: Growth and expansion
The 1960s were times of growth for the airline; the fleet in 1960 included eight Convair 240s, eight Convair 340s and eight Convair 440s. In 1961 and late 1965, three Convair 990 jet aircraft were introduced along with three Lockheed L-188 Electras, and a route was opened to Kai Tak International Airport in Hong Kong. After concentrating on domestic and regional services, the first flights to Europe were added on 28 September 1963, to Amsterdam and Frankfurt. In 1965, flights to Europe were expanded to include Rome and Paris via Bombay and Cairo, with the exclusive use of Convair 990 aircraft. That year, flights to People's Republic of China started, with Garuda flying to Canton via Phnom Penh. Also in 1965, the jet age arrived for Garuda, with a Douglas DC-8 that flew to Amsterdam's Schiphol Airport via Colombo, Bombay, Rome and Prague.[13][edit] 1970s–1980s: New equipment
In early 1970s, Garuda Indonesia introduced McDonnell Douglas DC-9 and Fokker F28 jets, and at one point Garuda owned 62 Fokker jets, making Garuda the world's largest operator of F28s at that time. In 1973, the carrier introduced the Douglas DC-10; it later introduced the Boeing 747-200, in 1980, and Airbus A300-B4 on 21 June 1982. Garuda was the launch customer for Airbus A300 with two-man crew cockpit (designated A300B4-220FFCC). By 1984, nine of these were in service, supplemented by 10 Douglas DC-10s, 24 Douglas DC-9s, 45 Fokker F-28s, and 6 Boeing 747-200s. During the 1970s the airline had its headquarters in Jakarta.[15][edit] 1990s: The difficult time for Garuda
In 1991, Garuda purchased 9 McDonnell-Douglas MD-11s;[13] it later introduced Boeing 747-400 in 1994 (two of them were purchased directly from Boeing, the third was ex-Varig), and Airbus A330-300, in 1996. But, at the time Garuda suffered two accidents, the first was in Fukuoka, Japan, and the worst disaster in Indonesian aviation history, when an Airbus A300 crashed in Medan, North Sumatra. The 1997 Asian financial crisis hit Indonesia and Garuda hard, resulting in severe cutbacks on unprofitable routes. Despite once having a comprehensive worldwide route network, Garuda currently suspends services to US, despite once flown to Honolulu and continues to Los Angeles . Largely due to historical links with the Netherlands, Garuda continued to operate flights to Amsterdam and Frankfurt after the initial cutbacks, although these flights were also discontinued from 28 October 2004. The situation was exacerbated by the September 11 terrorist attacks, the Bali bombings, the 2004 Boxing Day tsunami and the SARS scare, all of which contributed to a downturn in air travel and Indonesian tourism. However, by 2005, the airline had largely recovered from its economic problems.[16][edit] 2000–2009: Plummeting reputation and EU ban
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There was speculation that Garuda would expand its route map again before the end of the decade, possibly after the scheduled completion of the new Medan airport, Kuala Namu International Airport, in 2009; but, the airport was not complete as of 2010. It scheduled to complete in 2011 or 2012. This could include routes to major European hubs such as Paris, London, and Frankfurt, pending clearance by the European Union.
| Wikinews has related news: EU bans all Indonesian airlines as well as several from Russia, Ukraine and Angola |
The Garuda Indonesia Boeing 737 old and new livery line up at Soekarno Hatta International Airport, Indonesia. The far right is the new livery. (2010)
In July 2009, following a third mission led again by Federico Grandini,[24] the European Commission lifted Garuda Indonesia's ban from flying into Europe. This was followed by three other airlines.[25]
[edit] 2009–Present: Rebirth
Following the lifting of the EU ban against Garuda Indonesia and three other Indonesian carriers, the airline announced in July 2009 an aggressive five-year expansion plan known as the Quantum Leap.[26][27] The plan involved an image overhaul, including changing the airline's livery, staff uniform and logo. Within a five-year period, its fleet would double from 62 to 116 aircraft.[26] The Quantum Leap also plans to boost passenger annual numbers to 27.6 million in the same period, up from 10.1 million at the time of program launch through increasing domestic and international destinations from 41 to 62.[26] Route expansions included Amsterdam, with a stopover in Dubai, in 2010. A non-stop flight using Boeing 777-300ERs is planned for 2013. Other routes to world hubs such as London, Frankfurt, Paris, Rome, Madrid and Los Angeles are being considered for reopening.[28][29][30][31][32]In 2009, Garuda adopted a new logo and aircraft color scheme, replacing designs that had been in use for over 20 years.[33] New uniforms were introduced in 2010.[34]
A Garuda Indonesia Boeing 737-800 with new livery approaching Ngurah Rai International Airport, Bali (2010)
With aimes to improve flight capacity and frequency to eastern Indonesia, Garuda Indonesia open a third hub located at the Sultan Hasanuddin International Airport, Makassar, South Sulawesi from June 1, 2011. The company's first two hubs are Soekarno-Hatta International Airport in Cengkareng, Jakarta, and Ngurah Rai International Airport in Denpasar, Bali.[36]
Garuda Indonesia is increasing its flight frequency of its domestic routes and its international routes. Of the international routes, Garuda is increasing its frequency of Jakarta-Singapore to 8 times per day with a Boeing 737-800, Jakarta-Bangkok to 2 times per day with a Boeing 737-800, Jakarta-Hongkong to 2 times per day with a A330-200 and a Boeing 737-800, Jakarta-Beijing to 5 times per week with a A330-300 and a A330-200, Jakarta-Shanghai to 5 times per week with a A330-200 and a A330-300, and Denpasar-Seoul to 5 times per week with a Boeing 747-400 and a A330-300. Garuda intends to reopen its flights to Manila and Taipei on November 2011. International routes that are still under consideration to be reopened are Mumbai and Chennai in India. These destinations will be served from Jakarta by an Airbus A330-200. Routes such as Frankfurt, London, Munich, Rome, Paris, and Los Angeles will be reopened when the Boeing 777-300ER arrives. However, Garuda waits for its route to Amsterdam to settle first, after which they will reopen other European routes and probably its route to Los Angeles.[37]
At the Paris Air Show 2011, Garuda Indonesia announced a firm order of 25 Airbus A320s with an option for another 25.[38]
[edit] Corporate affairs and identity
[edit] Head office
Garuda Indonesia has its head office at Soekarno-Hatta International Airport in Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia,[39][40] near Cengkareng and near Jakarta. The head office is the Garuda Indonesia Management Building, located within the Garuda Indonesia City Center. The about 17,000-square-metre (180,000 sq ft) head office facility is on a 5-hectare (12-acre) plot of land. As of 2009, the head office houses the Garuda management and about 1,000 employees from various units. Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono opened the current Garuda head office in 2009.[41] The previous head office was located in the city center of Jakarta, in Central Jakarta.[41][42][43][edit] Privatization
Garuda Indonesia had announced that its subsidiary, GMF AeroAsia would be listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2008. However, due to financial crisis in 2008, GMF delayed IPO until 2009. The Ministry of State-Owned Companies (Kementrian BUMN) also had announced a plan to privatize Garuda, that opened a possibility to offer its shares publicly. Garuda Indonesia aimed to list on February 11, 2011, for an Initial Public Offering.[44] Government of Indonesia has confirmed the IPO price of Garuda Indonesia at Rp.750 per share and also cut offering size to 6.3 billion shares only from 9.362 billion planned before.[45][edit] Subsidiaries
Garuda Indonesia’s subsidiaries include PT. Aerowisata, PT. Abacus DSI, PT. Gapura Angkasa, PT. Garuda Indonesia Citilink, PT. Garuda Maintenance Facility Aero Asia, Cargo Garuda Indonesia and PT. Aero System Indonesia.| Company | Type | Principal activities | Incorporated in | Group's Equity Shareholding |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PT. Aerowisata | Subsidiary | Travel, hotel, transportation and catering services | Indonesia | 100% |
| PT. Abacus Distribution Systems Indonesia | Subsidiary | Computer reservation provider | Indonesia | 100% |
| PT. Gapura Angkasa | Subsidiary | Ground handling service | Indonesia | 100% |
| PT. Garuda Indonesia Citilink | Subsidiary | Low-cost airline | Indonesia | 100% |
| PT Garuda Maintenance Facility Aero Asia | Subsidiary | Aircraft Maintenance | Indonesia | 99% |
| Cargo Garuda Indonesia | Subsidiary | Cargo | Indonesia | 100% |
| PT. Aero Systems Indonesia | Subsidiary | IT provider and solutions | Indonesia | 51% |
[edit] Destinations
Main article: Garuda Indonesia destinations
Garuda currently operates 93,000 annual flights[2] to a total of 49 destinations (32 domestic, 17 international)[46] throughout Asia – including the Middle East – and Australia; Australia and Japan are vital tourism markets.On 13 October 2009, Garuda Indonesia announced they will be resuming flights to Europe for the first time after removal from the E.U. blacklist. The flight, operating since 1 June 2010, is to Amsterdam, The Netherlands, with a stopover at Dubai, United Arab Emirates, operated by an Airbus A330-200 aircraft.[47][48]
[edit]
Codesharing has allowed Garuda Indonesia to expand services into Western Europe. Garuda also expressed an interest in joining the SkyTeam alliance, which would make it the second airline in Southeast Asia to join after Vietnam Airlines. Membership would also open SkyTeam's network to Indonesian, Australian and New Zealand markets. In December 2009, three SkyTeam members – Korean Air, KLM and Delta – committed to supporting Garuda Indonesia to join SkyTeam. This made Garuda eligible to apply for membership in the alliance. On November 23, 2010, Garuda Indonesia signed an agreement to join SkyTeam. The airline will officially enter the alliance in mid-2012.[49]Garuda Indonesia offers flights to 16 other international destinations through codeshare agreements with, * indicate as SkyTeam:
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A Garuda Indonesia Boeing 737-300 bound for Jakarta, Indonesia pushing back at Singapore Changi Airport, Singapore. (2006)
An interline agreement between Garuda Indonesia and Australian airline Virgin Blue (now Virgin Australia) was confirmed in November 2007. This facilitates travel for passengers connecting from a Virgin Australia domestic flight to a Garuda Indonesia international service departing from either Sydney, Melbourne or Perth.[51]
In June 2008, it was announced that Garuda would increase services between Australia and Bali. From June 25, Garuda added an extra flight between Darwin and Denpasar, bringing the total number of services to three per week. Additionally, a fourth flight from Melbourne to Denpasar began on July 22. On September 2, another extra service departed from Melbourne to bring the total number of flights per week to five, and a sixth flight left from Sydney. This extra capacity was in response to an increase in the number of Australians who travelled to Bali in the first quarter of 2008, marking a resurgence in Balinese tourism, which was hard hit by the 2002 and 2005 Bali bombings.[52]
In August 2008, a codeshare agreement between Singapore Airlines and the airline on route between Singapore and Denpasar was established. Singapore Airlines is the operating carrier.
[edit] Fleet
All Garuda's aircraft are maintained by GMF AeroAsia.[53] After the arrival of the six Airbus A330-200 aircraft since 2009 Garuda still expects 8 more Airbus A330-200 and 10 Boeing 777-300ERs to join its widebody fleet by 2016. The Boeing customer code for Garuda Indonesia is 7x7-xU3.[54][55]Currently, the airline is utilising the Airbus A330-200s on its route to Amsterdam, East Asian and Australian flights originating from Jakarta, Boeing 747-400s on their Middle Eastern routes, Airbus A330-300s for most of their Australian and East Asian routes originating from Bali, Boeing 737-800s on most domestic and regional routes and on the Perth to Denpasar International route and the Boeing 737 Classics on domestic sectors. Once the Boeing 777-300ERs enter service, they will be used on the planned non-stop European and US flights. The airline also plan to acquire 18 Sub-100 seater aircraft to serve secondary domestic airports beginning this year.[56]
As of October 2011, the Garuda Indonesia fleet averages 8.1 years of age with the following fleet planning matrix:[55]
| Aircraft | In fleet | Orders | Passengers | Notes | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F | C | Y | Total | ||||||
| Airbus A330-200 | 6 | 12 | 0 | 36 | 186 | 222 | equipped with AVOD executive class and economy class | ||
| Airbus A330-300 | 6 | 4[57] | 0 | 42 | 215[58] | 257[58] | all 6 retrofitted and equipped with AVOD | ||
| Boeing 737-300 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 16 | 94 | 110 | to be replaced by Boeing 737-800 from 2014 | ||
| Boeing 737-400 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 120 | 134 | |||
| 0 | 16 | 120 | 136 | ||||||
| Boeing 737-500 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 84 | 96 | |||
| Boeing 737-800 | 31 | 148 | 0 | 12 | 144 | 156 | |||
| 4 | 0 | 12 | 148 | 160 | |||||
| 12 | 0 | 12 | 150 | 162 | |||||
| Boeing 747-400 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 42 | 386 | 428 | AVOD in Executive Class[54] | ||
| Boeing 777-300ER | 0 | 10 | 4 | 38 | 295 | 337[54] | to feature First Class, first delivery in February 2012 | ||
| Total | 76 | 154 | |||||||
Garuda Indonesia 737-800 (registration PK-GFN) painted in old livery which was used from 1969 to 1985 at Semarang airport in June 2011.
[edit] Previously operated
| Aircraft | Total | Operated In | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Airbus A300 B4-220FF/605/622R | 22 | 1982–2002 | 8 A300B4-220FFC are stored or sold,possibly scrapped, one crashed at Medan. All remaining A300-600/600R are sold to another airlines or returned to lessor |
| Boeing 747–2U3B | 6 | 1980–2003 | 2 aircraft sold to Phuket Air, 2 aircraft converted into freighters, 2 stored at CGK |
| Convair 240 | 8 | 1950–1965 | |
| Convair 340 | 8 | 1952–1968 | The first hajj flight was operated by this aircraft. |
| Convair 440 | 8 | 1956–1970 | |
| Convair 990 | 3 | 1962–1975 | First jet aircraft in fleet. |
| de Havilland Heron | 14 | 1952–1956 | |
| Douglas DC-3 | 26 | 1949–1970 | First aircraft model in the fleet |
| Douglas DC-8-58 | 6 | 1965–1980 | Leased from KLM, purchased |
| Douglas DC-8-63 | 2 | 1972–1980 | One crashed at Colombo |
| Fokker F27 Mk 400 | 12[59] | 1967–1975[60] | 1 crashed at Lampung |
| Fokker F28 Mk 1000 | 14 | 1969–1983 | Some donated to Merpati, some returned to Fokker or sold. |
| Fokker F28 Mk 3000 | 12 | 1973–1999 | Some donated to Merpati. |
| Fokker F28 Mk 4000 | 22 | 1978–2001 | Retired in 2001, transferred to Citilink, later stored at CGK, 3 crashed |
| Lockheed L-188 Electra | 5 | 1960–1977 | one crashed at Manado |
| Lockheed L1011-100 | 6 | 1975–1996 | |
| McDonnell Douglas DC-9-32 | 24 | 1969–1992 | Three donated to Merpati, one crashed, 1 was hijjacked. Replaced by Boeing 737s. |
| McDonell Douglas DC-10-30 | 10 | 1973–2004 | one written-off in Fukuoka, 5 stored at CGK crashed, possibly scrapped. This kind of aircraft was used to fly Indonesian president Soeharto |
| McDonnell Douglas MD-11 | 9 | 1990–2002 | All sold to Varig. Some of them now still in service with FedEx Express |
| PBY 5 Catalina | 8 | 1950–1953 | |
| Total | 229 |
[edit] Services
Garuda Indonesia is a full-service airline featuring both business and economy classes. The airline began to introduce new premium products and services with the arrival of the Airbus A330-200 and Boeing 737-800.[edit] Cabin
- Executive Class
The Boeing 747-400 and Boeing 737 still have the old Executive Class seat. Seats on the Boeing 747–400 have 46"-48" seat pitch with seat width of 16". On the Boeing 737 aircraft, including the -300, -400, -500, and older -800 Series, seat pitch ranges from 41" to 44" with seat width of 19". On selected aircraft, in-seat TVs are also available.
A range of hot and cold food and beverages is available, and snacks or meals are offered depending on the length of the flight. Wine and beer is also offered on international flights. In July 2011, Garuda Indonesia launched Indonesian Rijsttafel in Executive Class as its signature in-flight service.[61] This Indonesian signature dining was meant to introduce the passenger to wide array of Indonesian cuisine in a single setting as part of Garuda Indonesia experience. This in-flight Indonesian Rijsttafel include Indonesian signature dishes; choices of nasi kuning or regular steamed rice, accompanied with choices of dishes such as satay, rendang, gado-gado grilled chicken rica, red snapper in yellow acar sauce, fried shrimp in sambal, potato perkedel and tempeh, also with kerupuk or rempeyek crackers.[62][63]
- Economy Class
Hot and cold meals or snacks and beverages are offered depending on the length of the flight. Wine and beer is also offered on international flights.
[edit] In-flight entertainment
The Airbus A330-200, Airbus A330-300 and newer Boeing 737-800s have in-flight entertainment in all classes. This includes 9-inch touch screen LCD in Economy Class and 11-inch touch screen LCD in Executive Class. In the Airbus A330-300, the screens are located on the seat backs or in the armrest on bulkhead rows, while in the Airbus A330-200 and the Boeing 737-800s, they are located in the armrest in Executive Class or on the seat back in Economy Class. All PTVs are equipped with an Audio & Video on Demand (AVOD) system. This AVOD system offers 25 choices of films, 10 TV programs, 35 music albums, and 25 interactive video games.
In addition, with Garuda Indonesia orders of ten Boeing 777-300ERs and 50 Boeing 737-800s during the Singapore Airshow, these new aircraft will be fitted with a new in-flight entertainment program and a new cabin ambience. The new release movies are expected to be shown in the most high-tech LCD TV screen made by Bose Audio system.
Newspapers and magazines are provided to all passengers on board Garuda Indonesia flights.[64]
[edit] Ticketing
A Jakarta-based 24-hour call center is available for local customer access where payment can be made by credit cards, internet/mobile banking or transfer via ATM. Recently online booking from their website is also possible with payment can be made online with credit cards from select countries.In April 2011, Garuda Indonesia announced plans to develop online sales. Garuda Indonesia had cooperated with Visa and Mastercard to develop an online credit card payment system, allowing customers to use Paypal. Debit card payments may be processed with Bank Mandiri, BCA or BII.[65][66]
[edit] Frequent-flyer program
Garuda Frequent Flyer was launched in September 1999.[67] In 2005, Garuda Indonesia relaunched its frequent-flyer program called Garuda Frequent Flyer (GFF) with a new look, benefits and services. The new program allows members to earn miles on domestic and international flights and has four tiers of membership covering GFF Junior, Blue, Silver, Gold, and Platinum status levels.| Tier Level | Benefits | Requirements |
|---|---|---|
| Blue |
| 1 eligible flight |
| Silver |
| 10,000 tier miles or 10 eligible flights within a year |
| Gold |
| 30,000 Tier Miles or 30 eligible flights within a year |






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